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- UPDATE User Commands UPDATE
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- _________________________________________________________________
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- NNAAMMEE
- update - A copy program that recursively updates directory
- trees
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- SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
- uuppddaattee [_o_p_t_i_o_n_s] _s_r_c_1 ... _s_r_c_N _t_a_r_g_e_t_D_i_r
- uuppddaattee [_o_p_t_i_o_n_s] _s_r_c _t_a_r_g_e_t
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- OOPPTTIIOONNSS
- --bb _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y Before updating a target, save a backup copy
- of the file in _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y.
-
- --BB _d_a_y_s Only save the target as a backup copy if no
- backup exists or if the target is _d_a_y_s days
- old.
-
- --ff Force: always update targets regardless of
- last-modified times.
-
- --gg _g_r_o_u_p Change the group of any updated files to
- _g_r_o_u_p. Targets that aren't updated do not
- have their groups changed.
-
- --hheellpp Print a summary of the command-line options
- and exit without updating any targets.
-
- --ll If a source file is a symbolic link then
- uuppddaattee normally creates an identical symbolic
- link at the destination. If the --ll switch is
- specified, then uuppddaattee copies the file refer-
- enced by the source link, rather than the
- link itself.
-
- --mm _m_o_d_e When updating a target, set its protection
- bits to _m_o_d_e. Targets that aren't updated do
- not have their protection changed. _M_o_d_e must
- be specified in octal.
-
- --nn Be nice about problems with file types not
- matching (i.e. don't return an error).
-
- --MM When updating a target, do it by moving the
- source instead of by copying. This may be
- useful when disk space is tight.
-
- --oo _o_w_n_e_r Perform all updates as user _o_w_n_e_r, so that
- newly-created targets will be owned by _o_w_n_e_r.
- Any targets that are not updated will not
- have their _o_w_n_e_r changed.
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- UPDATE User Commands UPDATE
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- --OO This option preserves ownership on newly
- created files. Only root or wheel group
- members can use this option. |
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- --pp _p_r_u_n_e_E_x_p_r ||
- Prune subtress whose name matches the given |
- regular expression.
-
- --qq Quiet. Don't print anything except for error
- messages. UUppddaattee normally prints a message
- for each file copied.
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- --ss Strip. Source files are all expected to be
- executable binaries. When copying, strip all
- of the symbol and relocation information from
- the updated target.
-
- --tt Instead of setting the last-accessed and
- last-modified times of each target to match
- those of its source, leave them alone, so
- that they are set to the current time.
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- --vv Verify. Don't actually modify any files, but
- print information about which files would
- have been modified.
-
- --ii Ignore symbolic links entirely.
-
- _________________________________________________________________
-
-
- IINNTTRROODDUUCCTTIIOONN
- The uuppddaattee command is used to replace out-of-date copies of
- files with more recent versions. It operates on one or more
- source files. For each source, uuppddaattee locates a correspond-
- ing target; if the target doesn't exist, or if the last-
- modified time of the source is later than the last-modified
- time of the target, or if the --ff option is specified, then
- uuppddaattee makes a copy of the source at the target. The
- target's last-modified time and permissions will be set
- identical to those of the source.
-
- In the simplest case, two file names are given, both of
- which are regular files. In this case the first file name
- is the source and the second is the target. If the last
- file name refers to a directory, then all the other file
- names (of which there may be more than one) are sources.
- Each source file will be updated to the corresponding file
- _w_i_t_h_i_n the target directory. For example, in the command
-
- uuppddaattee //aa//bb cc dd ffoooo
- the target for //aa//bb will be ffoooo//bb, the target for cc will be
- //ffoooo//cc, and the target for dd will be ffoooo//dd.
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- If any of the source files is a directory, then its entire
- subtree will be updated to the corresponding target, main-
- taining the subtree structure of the source. In the special
- case where only two file names are given and both are direc-
- tories, then the source is updated _t_o the target directory
- rather than _w_i_t_h_i_n it. Thus, in the command
-
- uuppddaattee aa bb
- where aa and bb are both directories and aa contains one sub-
- directory cc which in turn contains one file dd, the target
- corresponding to aa//cc//dd will be bb//cc//dd. UUppddaattee will create
- the directory bb//cc if it doesn't already exist.
-
- UUppddaattee will also copy symbolic links. Normally it creates
- matching symbolic links at the targets, but it will copy the
- files pointed to by the links if the --ll switch is given.
-
- If the target for a source already exists but has a type
- different from the source (e.g. the target is a directory
- and the source is a regular file), then uuppddaattee will not
- modify the target. If the target's last-modified time is
- more recent than the source's, then again uuppddaattee will not
- modify the target.
-
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- UUSSEERR AANNDD GGRROOUUPP CCHHAANNGGEESS
- There are several restrictions on usage of the --OO, --oo and --gg
- switches. You may specify --OO only if you are root or in the
- wheel group. You may specify --gg _g_r_o_u_p as long as you are a
- member of _g_r_o_u_p. You may specify --oo _o_w_n_e_r if either
-
- [1] You are _o_w_n_e_r (which isn't very interesting).
-
- [2] _O_w_n_e_r is rroooott, and you are a member of the wwhheeeell group.
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- [3] There is a group with the same name as _o_w_n_e_r and you
- are a member of that group.
-
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- SSEETT--UUSSEERR__IIDD
- If you haven't specified the --mm switch, then uuppddaattee attempts
- to preserve set-user-id bits. It also attempts to preserve
- set-user-id bits when making backup copies, even if the --mm
- switch was given. However, set-user-id bits are not
- preserved unless the owner of the target file is the same as
- the owner of the source file (this condition is always true
- if the --OO switch is given).
-
-
- BBAACCKKUUPP FFIILLEESS
- If the --bb switch is specified, then uuppddaattee attempts to
- ensure that a backup copy of the target is saved, if the
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- target already exists. If a backup already exists, then the
- backup is overwritten only if the target is relatively old
- (a parameter that defaults to files two weeks old and may be
- overridden by the --BB switch, specifying the requisite age in
- days). If the --BB switch specifies an age of 0, then the
- most recent target will always be backed up. Normally, the
- default of 14 (two weeks) is used to guarantee that an
- unstable file does not overwrite a stable backup.
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- PPRRUUNNIINNGG SSUUBB--TTRREEEESS |
- The --pp option can be used to prune unwanted sub-trees from |
- the source files. The argument is a regular expression that |
- is matched against all source files before updating them. |
- If the expression matches then the source is not updated. |
- The expression is matched against only the tail of the |
- source path name, so using an expression of "foo/bar" will |
- not do what you think it will. If the argument contains any |
- magic characters such as "*" then you better put it inside |
- of quotes otherwise csh will glob it first. Multiple --pp |
- options can be specified and will be compared against the |
- source files one at a time.
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- KKEEYYWWOORRDDSS
- copy, up-to-date
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- SSEEEE AALLSSOO
- cp, mv, tar
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